Mission #209 Personnel Roster

K
E
Y
Key to Sortie Abbreviations
ABT - Aborted After Takeoff
CC - Combat Credit Earned
CC - Combat Credit Not Earned
CM - Completed Mission
CR - Crashed
DIT - Failed To Return, Ditched
FTR - Failed To Return
KIA - Killed In Action
LAT - Landed in Allied Territory
MIA - Missing In Action
NTO - Aircraft Did Not Take Off
RETE - Returned To Base, Attacked
RTB - Returned To Base, Did Not Attack
SCR - Aircraft Scrubbed Before Takeoff
SP-CM - Flying Spare, Completed Mission
SP-RET - Flying Spare, Returned To Base
SP-UN - Ground Spare, Unused
(or hover over any abbreviation)
384TH BOMBARDMENT GROUP (H) ARMY AIR FORCES STATION NO. 106

LOADING LISTS FOR MISSION #209 ON 11 October 1944


B-17G 42-31484 JD*F Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PRowe, George B ⇗ 
CPBakkom, Clifford Norris ⇗ 
NGullekson, Leslie Curtis ⇗ 
BMcDaniel, Oscar Kenneth ⇗ 
ROChernitsky, Thomas William ⇗ 
TTHill, John R ⇗ 
BTHammack, William Glenn ⇗ 
TGBoyd, Lester Ross ⇗ 
WGMatthews, Franklin Waller ⇗ 
B-17G 42-32106 JD*R Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PGross, Kenneth Eugene ⇗ 
CPHolmes, George W ⇗ 
NNelson, Kenneth John ⇗ 
TOGTod, Kniland Everett ⇗ 
ROHepner, Dean Raymond ⇗ 
TTBrickner, Wilbert George ⇗ 
BTBrooker, Kenneth Seymour ⇗ 
TGCarson, Allen Glenn ⇗ 
WGStone, Edward B ⇗ 
B-17G 42-37822 SU*C Sortie Report ABT CC
Position Name Status
PFarnsworth, Reuben Joseph ⇗ 
CPChamberlin, Myron NMI ⇗ 
NJohns, Dwight LaReuel ⇗ 
BHammond, Jerrold Eugene ⇗ 
ROManolio, Albert Thomas ⇗ 
TTFordham, Howard Calvert ⇗ 
BTMcKinney, Roy Willard ⇗ 
TGOrtiz, Ralph Gregory ⇗ 
WGStevens, Sam Stanley ⇗ 
WGBauer, Lawrence Martin ⇗ 
B-17G 42-38013 SO*C Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PSine, George Henning ⇗ 
CPKlatt, Merton Dale ⇗ 
NTitus, William L ⇗ 
BWeckerly, John Benjamin ⇗ 
ROPattison, Carroll Eugene ⇗ 
TTWetherbee, Owen L ⇗ 
BTWarner, Homer James ⇗ 
TGJones, Lilburn Howard ⇗ 
WGGuill, Francis Linton ⇗ 
WGPaparella, Ignatius Charles ⇗KIA
B-17G 42-38208 SO*A Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PMajeske, Charles Paul ⇗ 
CPVolpini, Henry Andrew ⇗ 
NKeeney, John Gerard ⇗ 
BYoung, Stanley Harris ⇗ 
ROMajeske, Earl Clifford ⇗ 
TTMeche, Clovis Raoul ⇗ 
BTShuck, Emmett Eugene ⇗ 
TGWarfield, Euclid Marion ⇗ 
WGCox, Gail Byron ⇗ 
B-17G 42-39888 SU*B Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PCepits, Francis Frederick ⇗ 
CPMcGahey, Thomas Levert ⇗ 
NHance, Horace (NMI) ⇗ 
TOGHawkins, Otis Dwight ⇗ 
ROCafiero, Lee Herman ⇗ 
TTShannon, James Brent ⇗ 
BTCampbell, Donald Rudolph ⇗ 
TGHaden, Levi Baldwin ⇗ 
WGBuersmeyer, Sylvanus Reginald ⇗ 
B-17G 42-97150 SO*F Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PCornair, Russell John ⇗ 
CPBayne, William Davis ⇗ 
NGronemeyer, Lyle Jacob ⇗ 
TOGSnyder, Clifford Leroy ⇗ 
ROKorabiak, Henry (NMI) ⇗ 
TTKugler, James Hart ⇗ 
BTOtt, Robert Edward ⇗ 
TGDippold, Robert John ⇗ 
WGJarreau, Lloyd Joseph ⇗ 
B-17G 42-97251 BK*O Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PTracy, Edward Hanks ⇗ 
CPHancock, Harry Carleton ⇗ 
NSheppard, Ralph Bartlett ⇗ 
TOGRancatore, Frank James ⇗ 
ROHopkins, Robert Lee ⇗ 
TTVeal, Connally Hammond ⇗ 
BTPowell, Fredrick Howard ⇗ 
TGBalacek, Richard William ⇗ 
WGSurowiec, Joseph (NMI) ⇗ 
B-17G 42-97282 SU*H Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PWehrheim, Francis Walter ⇗ 
CPGaliano, Joe Vincent ⇗ 
NArwine, Joe Arnold ⇗ 
BDorsey, Albert Leonard ⇗ 
ROFischer, George (NMI) ⇗ 
TTBlack, Howard Vincent ⇗ 
BTPortugal, Walter Lyon ⇗ 
TGGinder, John Pershing ⇗ 
WGDucsay, Joseph C ⇗ 
B-17G 42-97309 JD*C Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PDoran, William Elmer ⇗ 
CPHerring, Harold F ⇗ 
NJanovic, Lawrence Joseph ⇗ 
BWehe, Robert Louis ⇗ 
ROReed, Warren Derome ⇗ 
TTGissing, Robert (NMI) ⇗ 
BTHoltwick, Melvin Edward ⇗ 
TGWright, David Dobali ⇗ 
WGClark, Coral Clifton ⇗ 
B-17G 42-97320 SU*G Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PGroff, Richard Hubert ⇗ 
CPPerchik, Simon (NMI) ⇗ 
NRichter, Morris Herman ⇗ 
BReed, Ira Ottinger ⇗ 
ROSchick, Frank Joseph ⇗ 
TTErich, Milton Benjamin ⇗ 
BTLaursen, Harold James ⇗ 
TGMaguire, John H ⇗ 
WGHaskell, William Hilton ⇗ 
B-17G 42-97510 BK*A Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PSalley, Thomas Raysor ⇗ 
CPBarnett, William Alexander ⇗ 
NMcCaffrey, William Henry ⇗ 
TOGHosmer, Richard Clyde ⇗ 
ROAlexander, Arthur Walton ⇗ 
TTBrooker, Cameron Hutchison ⇗ 
BTRogerson, Harold William ⇗ 
TGMcCloskey, Arthur Edward ⇗ 
WGAnderson, Emmitt Eugene ⇗ 
B-17G 42-97941 JD*D Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PDudock, Edward Peter ⇗ 
CPNicholson, Gilbert Orin ⇗ 
NMonaco, Armand Michael ⇗ 
NWakser, Sanford Harry ⇗ 
BBaggs, Joseph William ⇗ 
ROKaessner, Howard Lee ⇗Wounded
TTMettler, Jesse Wayne ⇗ 
BTCarr, Edward Joseph ⇗ 
TGArmentrout, Elvin Jahune ⇗ 
WGThompson, Bruce Roy ⇗ 
B-17G 42-97948 BK*U Sortie Report FTR CC
Position Name Status
PPeterson, John Wright ⇗POW
CPMcClelland, Robert Cornelius ⇗POW
NSinger, William Andrew ⇗POW
NStutman, William Nathaniel ⇗POW
BGrady, George James ⇗POW
ROZink, Frank John ⇗POW
TTWick, Andrew Oliver ⇗POW
BTPeckerar, Irvin Milton ⇗POW
TGWoodruff, Walker Ace ⇗POW
WGRabe, William Arthur ⇗POW
B-17G 42-98000 SU*J Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PRice, Robert Eugene ⇗ 
CPJanczy, Thomas Joseph ⇗ 
NMcCarthy, Robert George ⇗ 
BFeider, Leo John ⇗ 
ROWynn, Francis Xavier ⇗ 
TTFord, Charles William ⇗ 
BTDeaton, Marshall Taylor ⇗ 
TGHastings, Harmon Charles ⇗ 
WGAlbro, Bernard Thomas ⇗ 
B-17G 42-98027 SU*Z Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
CDRFrink, Horace Everett ⇗ 
PKoch, Robert Bruce ⇗ 
NCulligan, Clarence Sylvester ⇗ 
NCohn, Herbert Jay ⇗ 
NLucyshyn, John (NMI) ⇗ 
BHoech, Julius Florence ⇗ 
ROVicknair, Normand Joseph ⇗ 
TTMcCoy, Jesse Granville ⇗ 
TGBaker, John R ⇗ 
WGGardiner, John W ⇗ 
WGJaworski, Frank (NMI) ⇗ 
B-17G 42-102430 JD*O Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PFahr, John (NMI) ⇗ 
CPRyan, Chilton (NMI) ⇗ 
NNiemiec, Leonard Roy ⇗ 
TOGCasteel, Raleigh James ⇗ 
ROLuburich, Michael (NMI) ⇗ 
TTHanrahan, Francis Glen ⇗ 
BTWaggoner, Buford (NMI) ⇗ 
TGRoach, William Earl ⇗ 
WGVirtue, Earl Elery ⇗ 
B-17G 42-102500 BK*L Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PMohler, John Grigsby ⇗ 
CPErickson, Stanley Wallace ⇗ 
NProto, Michael John ⇗ 
TOGGriffin, Charles Edward ⇗ 
ROMarkasky, Albert Edward ⇗ 
TTGirman, Frank (NMI) ⇗ 
BTPollak, Norman Marcus ⇗ 
TGJohnson, Lester Mendle ⇗ 
WGLocke, Warren Franklin ⇗ 
B-17G 42-102620 BK*P, SU*F,K Sortie Report LAT CC
Position Name Status
PEllis, Harold Richard ⇗ 
CPWorthen, Kirk Winthrop ⇗ 
NJelneck, William Edward ⇗ 
TOGTimmons, David Wesley ⇗ 
ROHayes, David Newcombe ⇗ 
TTRosenfield, Arthur (NMI) ⇗ 
BTMarlatt, Guy Clair ⇗ 
TGLiem, Jack Henry ⇗ 
WGMaupin, Vernon Eugene ⇗ 
B-17G 42-102661 SU*L Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PNorton, Paul E ⇗ 
CPFleshman, Warren Gray ⇗ 
NGreen, Billy A ⇗ 
BCochran, John Edward ⇗ 
RORichardson, William Harrison ⇗ 
TTWoodruff, Walter Charles ⇗ 
BTMitchell, Oreal Hugh ⇗ 
TGGaletto, Anthony J ⇗ 
WGBaumann, Frederick Herman ⇗ 
B-17G 42-102933 BK*Q Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PHale, Kenneth Oliver ⇗ 
CPMorgan, Norman Gail ⇗ 
NNielsen, Robert Earl ⇗ 
TOGMusgrave, Richard Britton ⇗ 
ROGoetz, Carl Harry ⇗ 
TTCaulfield, Patrick Joseph ⇗ 
BTUebel, Harold Frederick ⇗ 
TGRoach, Harrison William ⇗ 
WGAllen, Dale Richard ⇗ 
B-17G 42-107121 BK*J Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PHassing, Eugene Theron ⇗ 
CPMcDaniel, Earl Clark ⇗ 
NPougiales, George Francis ⇗ 
TOGPeloke, Dale Dean ⇗KIA
ROWilliams, David H ⇗ 
TTWiggin, George Owen ⇗ 
BTHead, Robert Laverne ⇗ 
TGPeterson, William Junior ⇗ 
WGSullivan, Robert James ⇗ 
B-17G 42-107125 JD*G Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PKass, Robert Hiler ⇗ 
CPBackman, Glenn Elmer ⇗ 
NSeydel, Philip (NMI) ⇗ 
NKonopatzki, Robert Wallace ⇗ 
BSienkiewicz, Henry Chester ⇗ 
ROHowe, Vernon Bullock ⇗ 
TTPoulton, Robert Harry ⇗ 
BTSimmons, Thomas Howard ⇗ 
TGWilde, Albert George ⇗ 
WGPayne, Omar Eston ⇗ 
B-17G 42-107148 JD*P Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PMcDaniel, Clifford Franklin ⇗ 
CPRex, Kenneth Monroe ⇗ 
NMason, Mark NMI ⇗ 
BMass, Henry Carmy ⇗ 
ROCassidy, Joseph Patrick ⇗ 
TTTaylor, Raymond Leondis ⇗ 
BTCarr, Donald Ralph ⇗ 
TGGuy, Roderick Melbourne ⇗ 
WGStoner, Harper Sylvester ⇗ 
B-17G 43-37703 SU*P Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PSpringsted, Donald George ⇗ 
CPBarnes, Robert Clark ⇗ 
NJacobs, Edward Gregory ⇗ 
BTierney, Francis Samuel ⇗ 
ROMeyer, Melvin Joseph ⇗ 
TTSeeley, Clarence Burdell ⇗ 
BTWatson, Paul Leland ⇗ 
TGMacuch, Albert Richard ⇗ 
WGFoust, John Monroe ⇗ 
B-17G 43-37717 JD*S Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PGreen, Loren Lester ⇗ 
CPAbbott, Edward William ⇗ 
NLamark, Edward Lincoln ⇗ 
TOGRothschild, Theodore (NMI) ⇗ 
ROMyers, Robert Holland ⇗ 
TTBordelon, Nolan Joseph ⇗ 
BTSutphin, Richard Eugene ⇗ 
TGZager, Donald Arthur ⇗ 
WGMcAnally, Edmon Molene ⇗ 
B-17G 43-37843 SO*B Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PKeller, Marion Wayne ⇗ 
CPPhillips, Herbert Dyer ⇗ 
NSpears, Simms Memory ⇗ 
TOGDowns, Wayne Hargis ⇗ 
ROTrzynka, Harold Afred ⇗ 
TTHaskett, Everett Wiliam ⇗ 
BTColwell, George Leslie ⇗ 
TGAmbach, Edward John ⇗ 
WGAdams, Frederick L ⇗ 
B-17G 43-37917 JD*B Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PWismer, Richard Glen ⇗ 
CPFletcher, Graydon James ⇗ 
NKelley, Darwin Thomas ⇗ 
BGerlach, Menceslaus Anthony ⇗ 
ROBussey, Harold Lewis ⇗ 
TTSchoebel, John Edward ⇗ 
BTLewis, David Bradford ⇗ 
TGHarshman, William Everett ⇗ 
WGLeibel, William Joseph ⇗ 
B-17G 43-37971 JD*T Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PJohnstone, William Andrew ⇗ 
CPWeaver, Paul Hanson ⇗ 
NSimpson, Morris (NMI) ⇗ 
TOGTrimble, Frederick Cushing ⇗ 
ROMarkley, Harland Dean ⇗ 
TTWilliams, J C (IO) ⇗ 
BTCurtin, John (NMI) ⇗ 
TGDavid, Lloyd Preston ⇗ 
WGNolan, Richard Thomas ⇗ 
B-17G 43-38016 SU*R Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PBlankenmeyer, William J ⇗ 
CPFisher, Robert Jeremy ⇗ 
NMass, Russell C ⇗ 
BHertel, Wallace Howard ⇗ 
ROFictum, Blair Eugene ⇗ 
TTDeMesquita, Seymour Aron ⇗ 
BTWork, Robert Elijah ⇗ 
TGHumphries, Richard Alexander ⇗ 
WGMcDonald, Donald Thomas ⇗ 
B-17G 43-38062 SU*A Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PSmith, James Milton ⇗ 
CPDeFrancesco, John Joseph ⇗ 
NCalnitz, Jerome (NMI) ⇗ 
BBrown, William C ⇗ 
ROBias, Ira J ⇗ 
TTHowell, Evan Lawrence ⇗ 
BTDoleshal, Charles Joseph ⇗ 
TGWalker, Ferris John ⇗ 
WGWilliams, John Allen ⇗ 
B-17G 43-38548 BK*M Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PChmura, Edward (NMI) ⇗ 
CPGoodson, John Schley ⇗ 
NCahill, Martin Owen ⇗ 
TOGThornburg, Joseph Austin ⇗ 
ROGarley, Richard Albert ⇗ 
TTMurdza, Joseph (NMI) ⇗ 
BTEinhouse, Raymond Dale ⇗ 
TGMcFalls, Johnny Winslow ⇗ 
WGLine, Harold Ivan ⇗ 
B-17G 43-38588 BK*D Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PMead, Frank Willard ⇗ 
CPDaniel, Thomas Cogswell ⇗ 
NToler, Charles Frederick ⇗ 
TOGPattillo, William James ⇗ 
ROHofferber, Reuben (NMI) ⇗ 
TTMiller, Orus Denvil ⇗ 
BTHinojos, Charles Acevedo ⇗ 
TGMoore, Thomas Joseph ⇗ 
WGStrain, John Linton ⇗ 
B-17G 43-38616 BK*K Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PDuesler, Donald Barton ⇗ 
CPCook, Chandler Boyd ⇗ 
NRasmussen, Bernard Gerard ⇗ 
TOGCropp, Thomas Edison ⇗ 
ROStewart, John Spencer ⇗ 
TTRivers, Arthur Raymond ⇗ 
BTTobman, Milton (NMI) ⇗ 
TGBuis, Robert Eugene ⇗ 
WGDowning, Everett Joseph ⇗ 
B-17G 43-38630 SO*G Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PGoodrick, Gene Robert ⇗ 
CPHarter, David Smuck ⇗ 
NWeiss, Warren Henry ⇗ 
TOGSeibel, Joseph Austin ⇗ 
ROAdams, Harold Peter ⇗ 
TTNastick, Henry Pete ⇗ 
BTPierce, Lee Francis ⇗ 
TGClairday, Willard Lee ⇗ 
WGStephens, Frank (NMI) ⇗ 
B-17G 43-38678 JD*F Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PHunt, John Hardy ⇗ 
CPMayner, John Robert ⇗ 
NPerry, Edward Clarke ⇗ 
BHofmann, Ernest Herman ⇗ 
ROFuerstenau, Paul William ⇗ 
TTRamos, Jesus Guadalupe Trevino ⇗ 
BTSchultz, Blaine Shelvy ⇗ 
TGVargas, Juan Pacheco ⇗ 
WGLinn, Clifford LeRoy ⇗ 
B-17G 44-6105 SO*P Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PSmith, Jack M ⇗ 
CPNelson, Elmer (NMI) ⇗ 
NDobrow, Martin (NMI) ⇗ 
TOGMelton, Derald William ⇗ 
ROOcchino, Anthony A ⇗ 
TTZaleski, Edmund Casmir ⇗ 
BTRaught, Thomas Earl ⇗ 
TGManicki, John Robert ⇗ 
WGRohr, Kenneth Orville ⇗ 
B-17G 44-6109 JD*Q Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PPeters, Lloyd Arman ⇗ 
CPRose, Gerald Dale ⇗ 
NSimpson, Hubert Daniel ⇗ 
TOGHall, Horace Homer ⇗ 
ROCovell, Charles Francis ⇗ 
TTHornack, William Paul ⇗ 
BTKetchledge, Edward (NMI) ⇗ 
TGBridget, John Harold ⇗ 
WGCates, Clay Franklin ⇗ 
B-17G 44-6135 JD*J Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PMumper, Benjamin Royce ⇗ 
CPTumlinson, Wilburn Wier ⇗ 
NSteele, Robert Coultas ⇗ 
TOGKantor, John Steven ⇗ 
ROLeslie, William Joseph ⇗ 
TTStornant, Victor Joseph ⇗ 
BTHeatley, Johnny Ray ⇗ 
TGLester, David Leon ⇗ 
WGCoder, Dale Mills ⇗ 
B-17G 44-6141 SU*F Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PPatella, Joseph David ⇗ 
CPGray, Fred Price ⇗ 
NLezenby, John Wallace ⇗ 
TOGMarshall, Charles (NMI) ⇗ 
ROHudson, Harold Edgar ⇗ 
TTStensby, Erling John ⇗ 
BTFrench, Lorin Leroy ⇗ 
TGMoran, Richard David ⇗ 
WGDvorak, Frank Joseph ⇗ 
B-17G 44-6149 SO*U Sortie Report FTR CC
Position Name Status
PLevine, Max (NMI) ⇗KIA
CPWilliams, Jerome LaBau ⇗KIA
NYeoman, Dale Cougille ⇗POW
TOGGilroy, Robert Peter ⇗POW
ROLarson, John Charles ⇗POW
TTTrlica, George Henry ⇗KIA
BTAllen, William Wesley ⇗KIA
TGMacGregor, Douglas Roy ⇗POW
WGStevenson, Lloyd Harley ⇗POW
B-17G 44-6476 BK*G Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PCausa, Raymond (NMI) ⇗ 
CPKimberlin, Grover Jasper ⇗ 
NDowling, James John ⇗ 
TOGDennison, James Edward ⇗ 
ROCortez, Jonathan Hernandez ⇗ 
TTSiegenthaler, Robert Joseph ⇗ 
BTBertsch, Robert Lawrence ⇗ 
TGKreuscher, Robert Edward ⇗ 
WGMolea, Joseph (NMI) ⇗ 
B-17G 44-6512 SU*K Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PFreiman, Peter Paul ⇗ 
CPBaker, Dale Richard ⇗ 
NGreen, Hugh Joseph ⇗ 
BDavis, James Buford ⇗ 
RONieters, George Henry ⇗ 
TTHord, Jack O'Mahor ⇗ 
BTFox, Fred Calvin ⇗ 
TGNorthrup, Robert Louis ⇗ 
WGLuciano, Fred Joseph ⇗ 
B-17G 44-8007 JD*Z Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
CDRStone, Arthur Martin ⇗ 
PMartin, Donald Francis ⇗ 
NGibson, Merle Leon ⇗ 
NHarrison, Arthur Seymour ⇗ 
BSaunders, James Bernard ⇗ 
ROFlatt, James Edward ⇗ 
TTZook, Lloyd Earl ⇗ 
TGCoburn, Ellsworth Gorden ⇗ 
WGWiniarski, Eugene Alphonse ⇗ 
WGClaxon, Ernest Haydon ⇗ 
B-17G 44-8008 SU*Y Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
CDRHutchinson, Thomas Dale ⇗ 
PToler, Harold Morton ⇗ 
NNorwitz, Gerson (NMI) ⇗ 
NKampel, Edward Joseph ⇗ 
BPeters, Joseph James ⇗ 
ROCornelius, Harold Marvin ⇗ 
TTColasuonno, Rocco (NMI) ⇗ 
TGRafeld, Richard Eugene ⇗ 
WGBlaker, Bernard (NMI) ⇗ 
WGDecker, Floyd Virgil ⇗ 
B-17G 44-8211 BK*Z Sortie Report CM CC
Position Name Status
PHenderson, William Vincent ⇗ 
CPBean, Arthur E ⇗ 
NVan Etten, Lawrence Edward ⇗ 
NPommer, Edwin Bernard ⇗ 
BSmith, George Kitchen ⇗ 
RONeyer, Ralph Richard ⇗KIA
TTRodgers, William Mack ⇗ 
TGMaddock, Walter James ⇗ 
WGAustin, Ralph Earl ⇗